摩(mo)(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是開(kai)發(fa)(fa)應用(yong)(yong)較早的(de)(de)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)振技術之一(yi)，所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦材料多為沙石、石墨等廉價材料，標(biao)記經(jing)濟且(qie)簡(jian)單易行。摩(mo)(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)通常有(you)(you)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)離地震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)機構和(he)限位(wei)(wei)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)阻尼向心(xin)機構組(zu)成，多為平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)，一(yi)般需(xu)要另外(wai)加(jia)設(she)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)裝置(zhi)，且(qie)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)離散性(xing)大、不(bu)(bu)易控制，滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)量過大可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)導致(zhi)穿(chuan)越隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)層的(de)(de)非結(jie)構構件破壞，甚至(zhi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)生滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)失穩，這極大地阻礙(ai)了滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。為了解決平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)問(wen)題，Zayas等于1985年在(zai)美國加(jia)州大學(xue)伯(bo)克利分(fen)校研發(fa)(fa)了摩(mo)(mo)擦擺隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝置(zhi)，稱之為摩(mo)(mo)擦擺系統(tong)(tong)(tong)/支(zhi)座(Friction Pendilum System/Bearing,簡(jian)稱FPS/FPB)。該裝置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)(you)平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)對(dui)地震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)激勵頻率范圍(wei)的(de)(de)低敏感性(xing)和(he)高(gao)穩定性(xing)，特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)圓弧滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面還(huan)使其具(ju)有(you)(you)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，無需(xu)附設(she)阻尼向心(xin)機構，故而在(zai)實際應用(yong)(yong)中更(geng)為簡(jian)便，且(qie)增加(jia)了隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠度。
摩擦(ca)擺隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)是將(jiang)傳統的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移面(mian)(mian)由平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)改為球面(mian)(mian)，從而可依靠(kao)自身重力自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回(hui)復(fu)。該支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)主要由上(shang)、下支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)板和一個(ge)鉸接滑(hua)(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)組成。摩擦(ca)擺隔(ge)(ge)(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)嵌在滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容腔中的(de)(de)鉸接滑(hua)(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)與(yu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)具(ju)有(you)相同的(de)(de)曲率(lv)半(ban)徑，可與(yu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)完全貼合，并使上(shang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)在支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)始終(zhong)保持水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂有(you)低摩擦(ca)材料，如聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯（特氟(fu)龍(long)）等，可在滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中耗散能量。當滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)界面(mian)(mian)受到的(de)(de)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)作用(yong)超過靜(jing)摩擦(ca)力時(shi)，地(di)面(mian)(mian)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)會(hui)促使滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)在其圓弧(hu)面(mian)(mian)內滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而迫(po)使上(shang)部(bu)結構輕微抬高，發生單擺運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。然(ran)后(hou)，支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)在自身受到的(de)(de)豎向荷(he)載作用(yong)下自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回(hui)復(fu)。
摩(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座的(de)(de)水平力為(wei)滑動面摩(mo)擦力和上(shang)部結(jie)構沿滑道上(shang)升(sheng)產生的(de)(de)恢復(fu)力的(de)(de)合(he)力，而提(ti)供的(de)(de)恢復(fu)力使支座能依靠其(qi)承受的(de)(de)重(zhong)力自動往(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)置回復(fu)，使地震(zhen)(zhen)響應(ying)得到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)，并且該(gai)支座的(de)(de)剛度中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)自動與(yu)隔震(zhen)(zhen)結(jie)構的(de)(de)質心(xin)重(zhong)合(he)的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢，因(yin)而能在更大 程度上(shang)消除結(jie)構的(de)(de)扭(niu)轉運動。摩(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座的(de)(de)周期、豎(shu)向承載力、阻尼比、側重(zhong)位(wei)移和抗拉力等指標(biao)可(ke)以進行單獨控(kong)制(zhi)，該(gai)特性十分便于設計人員(yuan)對隔震(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)進行優化設計。
