目前,梁式橋的通海橡膠支座、通常用鋼、橡膠或鋼筋混凝土等材料來制作。從簡易的油毛氈層至結構復雜的橡膠通海盆式通海橡膠支座,結構類型很多。在一座橋梁上各個位置所需選用的通海橡膠支座類型主要取決于下列因素:豎向荷載;水平荷載;位移要求;轉動要求;橋梁的結構型式;橋梁墩臺和上部構造的尺寸;各支點所需通海橡膠支座個數;地基條件以及基礎沉降的可能性;橋長。下面列舉出一些通海橡膠支座的布(bu)設方法,并逐項作以(yi)說明。

    簡支梁橋使用的橡膠支座簡介對于簡支梁橋,根據橋寬和跨度,此類結構可以有各種型式橡膠支座。對于標準跨徑在10m以內的簡支板或簡支梁橋,為簡單起見,可不設專門的橡膠支座結構,而直接將板或梁安裝在簡易墊層上面,簡易墊層通常由幾層毛氈做成。對于跨度較大(35m左右)的預制梁通常采用橡膠支座。

    橋梁支(zhi)(zhi)承采用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座有以(yi)下2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可能:縱向(xiang)與橫(heng)向(xiang)水平力由橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座的剪刀剛度(du)承受,這(zhe)(zhe)些橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座是共(gong)同作用(yong)(yong)的,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)設方(fang)(fang)法通常(chang)稱為浮(fu)動結構,經(jing)常(chang)被用(yong)(yong)于地(di)(di)震(zhen)區,在高烈度(du)地(di)(di)震(zhen)區如果采用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)布(bu)(bu)設方(fang)(fang)法,則需要特殊設計,抗(kang)震(zhen)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座一般(ban)包含(han)1個中心,鉛(qian)銷(xiao)阻尼器。

   這種情(qing)況(kuang)下橋(qiao)(qiao)跨均布(bu)設活動橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)橋(qiao)(qiao)跨結構(gou)一(yi)端(duan)布(bu)置(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo),另一(yi)端(duan)布(bu)置(zhi)活動橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)。固(gu)定(ding)(ding)端(duan)的水(shui)平(ping)力由(you)一(yi)銷(xiao)釘橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)承受,而自由(you)端(duan)的水(shui)平(ping)力由(you)定(ding)(ding)向滑移(yi)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)承受。雙跨連續梁(liang)橋(qiao)(qiao)是簡單(dan)的多跨連續結構(gou)除了長跨或曲線橋(qiao)(qiao)之外,其橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)布(bu)置(zhi)與(yu)前述單(dan)跨簡支(zhi)(zhi)結構(gou)相(xiang)似。但(dan)應當注意為保證其與(yu)水(shui)平(ping)力相(xiang)適應,當使(shi)用(yong)浮(fu)動方式布(bu)設橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠支(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)時,必須(xu)考慮中(zhong)墩的抗(kang)彎剛度,以保證水(shui)平(ping)力正確(que)分配。

    如(ru)果(guo)中(zhong)墩(dun)相對較(jiao)為剛(gang)勁,則采用(yong)(yong)定(ding)向或固(gu)定(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座較(jiao)為適(shi)宜(yi)。固(gu)定(ding)的地方(fang)可設(she)(she)在中(zhong)墩(dun)或橋臺上,此(ci)時,橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座或金屬橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座都可以使用(yong)(yong),在考(kao)慮荷載(zai)和位移(yi)量后,再(zai)確定(ding)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)哪1種。結果(guo)中(zhong)墩(dun)相對較(jiao)柔,則墩(dun)與(yu)臺上均布(bu)設(she)(she)活(huo)動橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)座。