摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是開發(fa)應(ying)用較早的(de)隔(ge)振技術(shu)之(zhi)一(yi)，所用的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)材料多為沙石、石墨等廉價材料，標記經(jing)濟且簡(jian)單易行(xing)。摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)通常有(you)隔(ge)離地震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)作用的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)構和限位復(fu)位的(de)阻尼向心機(ji)(ji)構組成，多為平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)。該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)不能自(zi)動(dong)(dong)復(fu)位，一(yi)般需(xu)要另外加設復(fu)位裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，且滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能離散性(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)、不易控制，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)量過大(da)(da)(da)可(ke)(ke)能導致穿越(yue)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)層的(de)非結構構件破壞，甚至可(ke)(ke)能發(fa)生滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)失穩(wen)(wen)，這極大(da)(da)(da)地阻礙了(le)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)發(fa)展。為了(le)解決平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)系(xi)統(tong)不能自(zi)動(dong)(dong)復(fu)位問題(ti)，Zayas等于1985年在美國加州大(da)(da)(da)學伯(bo)克利分校(xiao)研發(fa)了(le)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)擺(bai)(bai)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，稱(cheng)之(zhi)為摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)擺(bai)(bai)系(xi)統(tong)/支座(Friction Pendilum System/Bearing,簡(jian)稱(cheng)FPS/FPB)。該(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)不僅具(ju)有(you)平(ping)面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)對地震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)激勵頻率范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)低敏感性(xing)(xing)(xing)和高穩(wen)(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)，特有(you)的(de)圓弧(hu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面還(huan)使其具(ju)有(you)復(fu)位功能，無需(xu)附(fu)設阻尼向心機(ji)(ji)構，故(gu)而在實際應(ying)用中更(geng)為簡(jian)便，且增加了(le)隔(ge)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)靠度。
摩(mo)(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座(zuo)(zuo)是將傳統的(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔震(zhen)(zhen)裝置的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)由(you)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)改為球面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，從而可依靠自(zi)(zi)身(shen)重力自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)回(hui)復。該支座(zuo)(zuo)主要(yao)由(you)上(shang)、下支座(zuo)(zuo)板和一(yi)個鉸(jiao)接(jie)滑(hua)(hua)塊組(zu)成。摩(mo)(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座(zuo)(zuo)嵌在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)容腔中的(de)鉸(jiao)接(jie)滑(hua)(hua)塊與滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)具有(you)相同(tong)的(de)曲率(lv)半(ban)徑(jing)，可與滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)完全貼合，并使(shi)(shi)上(shang)支座(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)支座(zuo)(zuo)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)始終保持水平(ping)。滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂有(you)低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦材料，如聚四氟(fu)乙烯（特氟(fu)龍(long)）等，可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程中耗(hao)散能量。當滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)受到的(de)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)作(zuo)用超過(guo)靜摩(mo)(mo)擦力時(shi)(shi)，地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水平(ping)運動(dong)(dong)會促使(shi)(shi)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其圓弧面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)，從而迫使(shi)(shi)上(shang)部結構輕(qing)微抬高(gao)，發(fa)生單擺(bai)運動(dong)(dong)。然(ran)后，支座(zuo)(zuo)會在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)受到的(de)豎向荷載作(zuo)用下自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)回(hui)復。
摩(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座的水平力(li)(li)為滑動(dong)面摩(mo)擦力(li)(li)和(he)上(shang)部結構沿滑道上(shang)升產生的恢復力(li)(li)的合(he)力(li)(li)，而(er)提供的恢復力(li)(li)使支座能(neng)依靠其承(cheng)(cheng)受的重力(li)(li)自動(dong)往中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)位置回復，使地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)響應得到控(kong)制，并且該支座的剛(gang)度(du)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)自動(dong)與隔震(zhen)(zhen)結構的質心(xin)(xin)重合(he)的趨勢，因而(er)能(neng)在更(geng)大(da) 程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)消除(chu)結構的扭(niu)轉(zhuan)運動(dong)。摩(mo)擦擺(bai)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座的周期、豎向承(cheng)(cheng)載力(li)(li)、阻尼比、側(ce)重位移(yi)和(he)抗拉力(li)(li)等指標可以進(jin)行單獨控(kong)制，該特性十分便于設(she)計人員對隔震(zhen)(zhen)系統進(jin)行優(you)化設(she)計。
