摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)是開(kai)發(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)較早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)振技(ji)術之一(yi)，所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)材(cai)料(liao)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)沙(sha)石、石墨等(deng)廉價材(cai)料(liao)，標記經(jing)濟且(qie)簡(jian)單(dan)易行。摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)系統(tong)通常有隔(ge)離地震(zhen)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)和限位復位的(de)(de)(de)阻尼向(xiang)心機(ji)構(gou)(gou)組成，多(duo)為(wei)(wei)平面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)系統(tong)。該系統(tong)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)復位，一(yi)般需要(yao)另外加(jia)(jia)設復位裝置(zhi)，且(qie)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)能(neng)離散性(xing)大、不(bu)易控制，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)量過大可(ke)能(neng)導致穿越(yue)隔(ge)震(zhen)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)非結構(gou)(gou)構(gou)(gou)件破壞，甚至(zhi)可(ke)能(neng)發(fa)生滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)失穩，這極大地阻礙了滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。為(wei)(wei)了解(jie)決平面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)系統(tong)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)復位問題，Zayas等(deng)于1985年(nian)在美國加(jia)(jia)州大學伯克利分(fen)校研(yan)發(fa)了摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)擺(bai)隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置(zhi)，稱之為(wei)(wei)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)擺(bai)系統(tong)/支座(Friction Pendilum System/Bearing,簡(jian)稱FPS/FPB)。該裝置(zhi)不(bu)僅具(ju)有平面滑(hua)(hua)(hua)移(yi)(yi)(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)對地震(zhen)激勵頻率范圍的(de)(de)(de)低敏感性(xing)和高穩定性(xing)，特有的(de)(de)(de)圓弧(hu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)面還使(shi)其具(ju)有復位功(gong)能(neng)，無需附設阻尼向(xiang)心機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，故(gu)而在實際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)中更為(wei)(wei)簡(jian)便(bian)，且(qie)增加(jia)(jia)了隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)度。
摩(mo)擦(ca)擺隔震(zhen)支座(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)將傳統的(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)滑(hua)移隔震(zhen)裝置(zhi)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)滑(hua)移面(mian)(mian)(mian)由平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)改(gai)為球面(mian)(mian)(mian)，從(cong)而可(ke)依(yi)靠自身重力(li)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復。該支座(zuo)(zuo)主要由上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)支座(zuo)(zuo)板和一個鉸接滑(hua)塊組成。摩(mo)擦(ca)擺隔震(zhen)支座(zuo)(zuo)嵌在滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容腔中的(de)鉸接滑(hua)塊與(yu)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)具(ju)有相(xiang)同的(de)曲率半徑，可(ke)與(yu)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)完全貼合，并(bing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)支座(zuo)(zuo)在支座(zuo)(zuo)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時始終保持(chi)水平(ping)。滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)涂有低摩(mo)擦(ca)材料，如聚(ju)四氟乙烯（特氟龍）等，可(ke)在滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中耗散能量。當滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)受(shou)到的(de)地震(zhen)作用超過靜摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)時，地面(mian)(mian)(mian)水平(ping)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)會促(cu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)在其圓弧面(mian)(mian)(mian)內(nei)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從(cong)而迫使(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)部結構輕微抬高，發生單(dan)擺運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。然后，支座(zuo)(zuo)會在自身受(shou)到的(de)豎(shu)向荷載作用下(xia)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復。
摩(mo)擦擺隔(ge)震支(zhi)(zhi)座的水平力(li)(li)為滑動(dong)面摩(mo)擦力(li)(li)和上部結構(gou)沿滑道上升產生的恢(hui)(hui)復力(li)(li)的合力(li)(li)，而提供的恢(hui)(hui)復力(li)(li)使支(zhi)(zhi)座能依(yi)靠其承(cheng)受的重(zhong)力(li)(li)自動(dong)往中心(xin)位置回復，使地震響應(ying)得到控制(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)且該支(zhi)(zhi)座的剛度中心(xin)有自動(dong)與隔(ge)震結構(gou)的質心(xin)重(zhong)合的趨勢，因而能在更(geng)大 程度上消(xiao)除結構(gou)的扭轉運動(dong)。摩(mo)擦擺隔(ge)震支(zhi)(zhi)座的周期(qi)、豎向承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)、阻尼比、側重(zhong)位移和抗(kang)拉(la)力(li)(li)等指標可(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)單獨控制(zhi)(zhi)，該特性十分便于設計(ji)人員(yuan)對(dui)隔(ge)震系統進行(xing)優化設計(ji)。
