摩(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)是開(kai)發應用(yong)較早的(de)隔(ge)振技術之一，所用(yong)的(de)摩(mo)擦材料(liao)(liao)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)沙石、石墨等廉(lian)價材料(liao)(liao)，標記經濟(ji)且(qie)簡單(dan)易行。摩(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)通常有(you)(you)隔(ge)離地(di)震(zhen)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)摩(mo)擦滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)機構(gou)和限位復(fu)(fu)(fu)位的(de)阻尼(ni)向心機構(gou)組成，多(duo)為(wei)(wei)平面(mian)滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)位，一般需(xu)要另外加(jia)設復(fu)(fu)(fu)位裝置，且(qie)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)離散性大、不(bu)易控制，滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)量(liang)過大可能(neng)(neng)(neng)導致穿越(yue)隔(ge)震(zhen)層的(de)非結構(gou)構(gou)件破壞，甚(shen)至(zhi)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)發生滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)失穩，這極(ji)大地(di)阻礙了滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)的(de)發展。為(wei)(wei)了解決(jue)平面(mian)滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)位問題(ti)，Zayas等于(yu)1985年在美國加(jia)州大學伯克利(li)分校(xiao)研發了摩(mo)擦擺(bai)隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置，稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)摩(mo)擦擺(bai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)/支座(Friction Pendilum System/Bearing,簡稱(cheng)FPS/FPB)。該(gai)裝置不(bu)僅(jin)具有(you)(you)平面(mian)滑(hua)(hua)移(yi)隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置的(de)對地(di)震(zhen)激勵頻率范圍的(de)低敏感(gan)性和高穩定性，特有(you)(you)的(de)圓(yuan)弧滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)面(mian)還使其具有(you)(you)復(fu)(fu)(fu)位功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，無需(xu)附設阻尼(ni)向心機構(gou)，故而在實際應用(yong)中更為(wei)(wei)簡便，且(qie)增加(jia)了隔(ge)震(zhen)裝置的(de)可靠度。
摩擦擺隔震支(zhi)座(zuo)是將傳統的(de)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)移隔震裝(zhuang)置的(de)摩擦滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)移面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)由平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)改為球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，從而可依靠自身重力(li)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復。該支(zhi)座(zuo)主要由上(shang)、下支(zhi)座(zuo)板和一個鉸接(jie)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)塊組成。摩擦擺隔震支(zhi)座(zuo)嵌在滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容腔中的(de)鉸接(jie)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)塊與(yu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)具有相同的(de)曲率半徑，可與(yu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)完(wan)全(quan)貼合，并(bing)使上(shang)支(zhi)座(zuo)在支(zhi)座(zuo)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時始(shi)終(zhong)保持水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂(tu)有低摩擦材料，如聚四氟乙烯（特氟龍）等(deng)，可在滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中耗散能量(liang)。當滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)受(shou)到的(de)地震作(zuo)用超過靜(jing)摩擦力(li)時，地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)會促使滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)在其圓弧(hu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而迫(po)使上(shang)部結構(gou)輕微抬高，發生單擺運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。然后，支(zhi)座(zuo)會在自身受(shou)到的(de)豎向荷(he)載(zai)作(zuo)用下自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復。
摩擦擺隔震(zhen)(zhen)支(zhi)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平力為滑(hua)動面摩擦力和上部(bu)結(jie)構沿(yan)滑(hua)道上升(sheng)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)復力的(de)(de)(de)(de)合力，而提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)復力使支(zhi)座能依靠其承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)力自(zi)動往中(zhong)心位(wei)置(zhi)回復，使地震(zhen)(zhen)響應得到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)，并(bing)且(qie)該支(zhi)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度中(zhong)心有自(zi)動與隔震(zhen)(zhen)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)質心重(zhong)(zhong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢，因而能在更大 程度上消除結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭轉運動。摩擦擺隔震(zhen)(zhen)支(zhi)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)周期、豎向承(cheng)載力、阻尼比、側(ce)重(zhong)(zhong)位(wei)移(yi)和抗拉力等(deng)指標可以(yi)進行單獨控(kong)制(zhi)，該特性(xing)十分便于設計人員對隔震(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)進行優化設計。
